Test Overview
Next-Generation Sequencing
Activating mutations in the KRAS gene occur in approximately 40% of colorectal carcinomas, 20% of non-small cell lung cancers, and a variety of other human cancers. Mutations are predominantly single nucleotide substitutions (missense mutations), most frequently occurring within codons 12 and 13 of exon 2. Less commonly, mutations occur within codon 61 of exon 3 and codons 117 and 146 of exon 4. Collectively these mutations have been associated with a limited clinical response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies in lung and colorectal cancers, and may also have prognostic implications. This DNA test is performed by targeted next-generation sequencing to detect mutations within sequenced regions of KRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 (NM_33360.3; Hg19 chr12:25398205-25398304, chr12:25380261-25380349, chr12:25378550-25378658) including codons 12, 13, 61, 117, and 146. Specimens should contain an adequate proportion of neoplastic cells (>20%) in the area to be extracted to ensure mutation detection.
Interpretive report provided.
This test does not detect copy number variants or translocations and may not detect large insertions, deletions or duplications. This test may also fail to detect mutations below the limit of detection of this assay (approximately 5%). Rare polymorphisms may lead to false negative results. Discordant results are rarely observed between metastatic and primary specimens. The clinical implications of the findings as indicated in the test report may change based on evolution of the scientific literature.
This test is for the purpose of detecting somatic mutations in neoplastic tissue. While this test cannot definitively distinguish between somatic and germline variants, know germline variants within the targeted regions will not be reported. Alternative testing is required if there is concern for a clinically relevant germline alteration.
Test Details
5-12 days
- K-RAS Mutation Detection
- KRAS Mutation Detection
- KRAS
- MLABEL
Specimen Requirements
For formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, a block containing an area with a high percentage of neoplastic cells (for micro-/macro-dissection) is preferred. Unstained, UNBAKED slides (5-8, 10-micron slides; 10-15 if few neoplastic cells are present) with associated H&E stained slide are also acceptable. Decalcified tissue or other fixatives will be accepted and the assay attempted, however these may result in failed testing due to degraded nucleic acid. Both blocks and slides should be stored at room temperature. A Diff-Quik or Papanicolaou stained aspirate smear (preferable containing a high percentage and overall amount of neoplastic cells) is also acceptable. Store at room temperature.
Previously extracted DNA may be accepted; however, the extracting laboratory must take responsibility for ensuring that viable, neoplastic cells comprise at least 20% of cellularity within the extracted sample
Additional Information
By ordering this test the clinician acknowledges that informed consent has been obtained from the patient as required by applicable state or federal laws and the ordering clinician has authorization from the patient permitting MLabs to report the test results to the ordering clinician. Test includes microdissection billed as a separate additional charge. Test includes pathologist interpretation of results billed as a separate additional charge. This test is not available without interpretation.